ABSTRACT
The mosquito Aedes albopictus is the primary vector for dengue virus transmission in Fujian Province.Despite that active dengue surveillance has been launched in several sites since 2005,the genetic diversity of A.albopictus from these sites remains exclusive.In this study,mosquito pools collected from dengue surveillance sites during 2015-2016 were randomly selected,the full-length mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ (mtDNA-COⅠ) were amplified and sequenced.Preliminary sequence alignment of 12 amplicons with the reference sequence indicated 99 ％ homology at nucleotide level,due to varia tions at 9 nucleotide sites.Three haplotypes,namely H02,H03 and H08,were determined based on phylogenetic analysis with 72 reference sequences of known haplotypes.These observations facilitate surveillance and control of arboviral diseases in Fujian.
ABSTRACT
We delineated the molecular characteristic of recombinant strain GⅡ.P16/GⅡ.2 of norovirus associated with acute viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Fujian Province in winter of 2016.Norovirus were detected in specimens of patients collected from the gastroenteritis outbreaks by real time reverse transcription-PCR and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).The PCR products of the positive samples were purified,and partial RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene and partial capsid gene were sequenced.The sequences were analyzed using bioinformatics software and online database,and phylogenetic tree were also constructed.Norovirus were detected in all 18 stools.Analysis of 9 positive sequences indicated an emergence of norovirus GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2 and confirmed being the cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks.All the strains shared homology of 98％ with strains of Kawasaki 194 of Japan detected in 2016 and 97.7％-98.8％ with IPH2161-08VG06 of Belgium detected in 2008,RdRp and capsid separately.These outbreak strains showed some degree of differences from the predominant strain,2012 Sydney GⅡ.4 variant.This is the first time to have found norovirus GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2 causing viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Fujian.More in-depth analysis of the Norovirus GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2 could be useful to optimize preventative strategies and develop new and more effective therapeutic measure.
ABSTRACT
To analyze the epidemiology,genetic variation and genetic evolution of coxsackievirus A4 (CVA4) in patients with hand,foot and mouth disease in Fujian,the virus isolates were molecular typed and amplified the whole VP1 region by RT-PCR,then the genetic variation and evolution were studied.The results showed that 33 CVA4 cases (8.1％) were confirmed from the 407 non-EV71 non-CVA16 HFMD cases in Fujian Province during 2011 and 2014,accounting for 31 cases in 2012 and 2 cases in 2014.Compared with common characteristics of the HFMD epidemic,no specificity in the distribution of CVA4 cases was found between gender and age groups.Sequence analysis of VP1 nucleotide sequences of Fujian CVA4 isolates showed that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences similarity were 92.6 ％-100 ％ and 95.7 ％-100 ％ respectively,low similarity with the prototype (83.7％-85.4％,96.1％-99.0％) and abroad isolates (82.1％-89.1％,90.4％-99.6％) both in nucleotide and amino acid sequences,high similarity with domestic isolates both in nucleotide and amino acid sequences,with the similarity of 87.9％ 99.2 ％ and 96.1％-100 ％.The results from phylogenetic tree showed that the genetic distance between Fujian CVA4 isolates and the prototype and abroad strains was far,and the genetic distance was close to domestic isolates in China.The distribution of the phylogenetic trees of Fujian CVA4 strains showed multiple branches.Therefore,CVA4 is the major HFMD associated-pathogen other than EV71,CVA 16,CVA6,and CVA10 in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2014.CVA4 strains from Fujian Province is co-circulating and co-evolving with other domestic isolates.There is existence of multiple closely related CVA4 transmission chains in various regions of Fujian.
ABSTRACT
We delineated the molecular characteristic of recombinant strain GⅡ.P16/GⅡ.2 of norovirus associated with acute viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Fujian Province in winter of 2016.Norovirus were detected in specimens of patients collected from the gastroenteritis outbreaks by real time reverse transcription-PCR and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).The PCR products of the positive samples were purified,and partial RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene and partial capsid gene were sequenced.The sequences were analyzed using bioinformatics software and online database,and phylogenetic tree were also constructed.Norovirus were detected in all 18 stools.Analysis of 9 positive sequences indicated an emergence of norovirus GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2 and confirmed being the cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks.All the strains shared homology of 98％ with strains of Kawasaki 194 of Japan detected in 2016 and 97.7％-98.8％ with IPH2161-08VG06 of Belgium detected in 2008,RdRp and capsid separately.These outbreak strains showed some degree of differences from the predominant strain,2012 Sydney GⅡ.4 variant.This is the first time to have found norovirus GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2 causing viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Fujian.More in-depth analysis of the Norovirus GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2 could be useful to optimize preventative strategies and develop new and more effective therapeutic measure.
ABSTRACT
To analyze the epidemiology,genetic variation and genetic evolution of coxsackievirus A4 (CVA4) in patients with hand,foot and mouth disease in Fujian,the virus isolates were molecular typed and amplified the whole VP1 region by RT-PCR,then the genetic variation and evolution were studied.The results showed that 33 CVA4 cases (8.1％) were confirmed from the 407 non-EV71 non-CVA16 HFMD cases in Fujian Province during 2011 and 2014,accounting for 31 cases in 2012 and 2 cases in 2014.Compared with common characteristics of the HFMD epidemic,no specificity in the distribution of CVA4 cases was found between gender and age groups.Sequence analysis of VP1 nucleotide sequences of Fujian CVA4 isolates showed that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences similarity were 92.6 ％-100 ％ and 95.7 ％-100 ％ respectively,low similarity with the prototype (83.7％-85.4％,96.1％-99.0％) and abroad isolates (82.1％-89.1％,90.4％-99.6％) both in nucleotide and amino acid sequences,high similarity with domestic isolates both in nucleotide and amino acid sequences,with the similarity of 87.9％ 99.2 ％ and 96.1％-100 ％.The results from phylogenetic tree showed that the genetic distance between Fujian CVA4 isolates and the prototype and abroad strains was far,and the genetic distance was close to domestic isolates in China.The distribution of the phylogenetic trees of Fujian CVA4 strains showed multiple branches.Therefore,CVA4 is the major HFMD associated-pathogen other than EV71,CVA 16,CVA6,and CVA10 in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2014.CVA4 strains from Fujian Province is co-circulating and co-evolving with other domestic isolates.There is existence of multiple closely related CVA4 transmission chains in various regions of Fujian.